Utilitarianisms Principles And Moral - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 849 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Ethics Essay Level High school Tags: Utilitarianism Essay Did you like this example? Act utilitarianism is an action that is morally required just because it does more to improve overall well-being than any other action you could have done in the circumstances. The principle of utility states that you should always perform the action that maximizes overall utility. Act utilitarianism and the principle of utility is a large portion of what I am going to refer to in this essay. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Utilitarianisms Principles And Moral" essay for you Create order The moral worth of any action is determined by outcome or consequences which explains why utilitarianism is a version of consequentialism. Utilitarianism is a form of teleological ethics. This idea is defended by John Stuart Mill (a hedonist), and an important British philosopher. A hedonist is a person who believes that the pursuit of pleasure is the most important thing in life; a pleasure-seeker. According to his beliefs, we are required to maximize the greatest good for the greatest good for the greatest number of people. I am defending an objection to this claim that utilitarianism has no real way to account for rights and that there is no action that is ruled immoral under this argument. In addition to this the argument of utilitarianism is ambiguous. The objection that I am defending states that (1) If utilitarianism is true, then it will never require us to commit serious injustices. (2) Utilitarianism sometimes requires us to commit serious injustices. So, (3) Utilitarianism is not true. Just because something makes all people happy does not make it right for all people. It is also wrong to harm certain individuals in order to make other people happy. The objection I am defending calls attention to problems to justice and in the rights of the individual and democratic equality. The first justice-related objection I am going to defend is problem of the violation of rights, for example, if there is a religious group whose practices are seen as offensive to the rest or majority of society. In a utilitarian population, members can decide that preventing the minority group from performing their religious acts would be proper for the well- being of the members. Consequently, because it would maximize the overall utility of the society. This can be seen as a problem because the group who holds different practices from the majority has their rights violated and impeded upon. According to the theory, if there is an event that occurs, that is not recognized as important or mandatory to the overall happiness of a given society, then it will not be supported. The principle is a selfish one because it is only having an interest in magnifying utilitarianism. This is can be demonstrated as negative principle for example, as shown in the television show, Black Mirror third season episode Men Against Fire. Soldiers are inserted with an implant called MASS, that distorts their reality. through their eyes, aliens are infected and steal from the citizens in the community, this results in the soldiers killing the infected people given the name roaches. One soldiers MASS glitches from a device made from the roaches. He then makes a discovery that after all the creatures he saw as monsters are just human. The military he works for is using the MASS to promote genocide. Utilitarianisms principles would categorize the scenario that takes place in the television show as plausible to make the genocide morally right, because it promoted happiness for the larger and powerful population of the community. While we know that genocide is morally wrong and cruel, in the position of utilitarianism, it would be seen as fitting. Another reason I am defending the objection of injustice is because it calls attention to problems pertaining to the violation of individuals religious and socioeconomic statuses as well as the rights appertaining to a person. I deny utilitarianism because it does not protect individuals against opinions of the majority. If the happiness of the people is increased enough, it can justify making one (or a few) miserable in service of the rest(psychology today.) Another component to take into account is that status of the person making the decisions. There could be a doctor who is known as a public figure who decides the fate of his/her patients. Suppose the doctor has to choose between five patients, and one has to have a heart transplant, two both need one lung each, one needs a liver, and the other a kidney. If a healthy candidate comes into the office the doctor could ponder to decide to inject him/her with a deadly solution, so they could contribute to the lives of the five unhealthy patients. He would consider this option because that is the option that would be viewed as doing the most good. In addition to that, because of the status and prestige of the person that can make the decision there would be no one to intervene with the deciding process. Utilitarianism can require that one commit unjust actions in certain situations, and because of this it is fundamentally flawed. We know that cruelty is wrong to do to an innocent person even if it can benefit others in the end.

Racism In Othello And The Tempest By William Shakespeare

Racism in Shakespeare or Absurdity? Is there racism in Shakespeare’s works or is this notion absurd? Shakespeare may not be racist, but two of his plays do contain racism. One may argue that Shakespeare does not openly speak of racism in his plays, but Shakespeare does write with the idea of racism in mind, because his characters do make comments that can be considered racist. In Shakespeare’s plays Othello and The Tempest, the underlying idea of racism is present in these works, and his audiences can come to this conclusion, because of the way the characters, Othello and Caliban, are unjustly treated due to their appearances. In the play Othello, the idea of racism is first revealed in Act One, Scene One. Iago and Rodrigo are talking to†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Brabanzio should not be so distraught about the marriage. This leads to the following question: Why is Othello not good enough in Brabanzio’s eyes, when he is supposedly viewed as a friend? The answer is simple. The reason why Brabanzio has Othello as a guest in his home is because of all the good deeds he has done for Venice. Othello is good enough to be friends with Brabanzio, but Othello is not good enough to be a son-in-law, because of his outsider status and skin color. Later in the play, Brabanzio’s claim of the use of magic may be true, when Othello freaks out about Desdemona losing the handkerchief, because Othello claims that it is supposed to keep her faithful to him. Others may argue that the handkerchief is merely a keepsake from his past, but since he goes into detail of the handkerchief’s power and history, Brabanzio’s argument about magic no longer seems that farfetched; therefore, this scene helps prove Brabanzio’s sanity. By proving Brabanzio’s sanity, audiences can now come to the conclusion that Brabanzio’s outrage about the news of the wedding is due to the fact that he is racist and does not approve of Othello, because of his dark skin color and outside status. Overall, these are just some of the numerous examples of racism throughout the play Othello. Like the play Othello, The Tempest also, portrays numerous examples of the idea ofShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Racism In Othello And The Tempest By William Shakespeare1102 Words   |  5 PagesIs there racism in Shakespeare’s works or is this notion absurd? Shakespeare may not be racist, but two of his plays do contain racism. One may argue that Shakespeare does not openly speak of racism in his plays, but Shakespeare does write with the idea of racism in mind, because his characters do make comments that can be considered racist. In Shakespeare’s plays Othello and The Tempest, the underlying idea of racism is present in these works, and his audiences can come to this conclusion, becauseRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And The English Language1649 Words   |  7 PagesPoet, playwright, actor and dramatist, William Shakespeare is one of the most influential and greatest writers up to this day in poetry and the English language. Known, for his many acclaimed works suc h as his famous plays, â€Å"Othello,† â€Å"King Lear,† and â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† etc. More than four hundred years have passed and William Shakespeare’s work still alive as if it was during the early ages of Shakespeare work. Shakespeare influenced ranges from literature, theater, films and even the English languageRead MoreOthello and Identity1730 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity is a very key, important thematic issue in William Shakespeares tragic drama, Othello. Identity, or what may be better explained as a characters public perception, is highly valued in the Elizabethan Age in which Othello is set. There is a varying range between the characters in the extent that how they are perceived in public is not how they behave in private or how they really are, thus creating more than one identity per character. A characters identity is the overall essence ofRead MoreEssay on The Moor in the Works of William Shakespeare4150 Words   |  17 PagesThe Sources and Representations of the Moor in the Works of Shakespeare      Ã‚  Ã‚   One theme consistently reemployed throughout Shakespeares plays is that of the Other. The Other is usually characterized as a character that is somehow separated, stigmatized, or noted as being different from the mainstream ideal. For the Elizabethan England of Shakespeares time, it may have been a self-defensive maneuver against the encroachment of something which threatened too close to home (Bartels 450). BryantRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesblunt instrument. Filtering software isn’t particularly selective. By filtering the words ‘hate’, software will certainly screen out most hate Web sites but may also block access to valuable and legitimate resources such as sites dedicated to anti-racism, Jewish culture, war museums etc. †¢ Forbidden fruit effect †¢ A critical analysis on the media will inspire youths to question why violence is so prevalent in our media today †¢ Help them to realize that media is not a reflection of reality

History of Computers free essay sample

The abacus was an early aid for mathematical computations. Its only value is that it aids the memory of the human performing the calculation. A skilled abacus operator can work on addition and subtraction problems at the speed of a person equipped with a hand calculator. The abacus is often wrongly attributed to China. In fact, the oldest surviving abacus was used in 300 B. C. by the Babylonians. The abacus is still in use today, principally in the far east. A modern abacus consists of rings that slide over rods, but the older one pictured below dates from the time when pebbles were used for counting (the word calculus comes from the Latin word for pebble). In 1617 an eccentric Scotsman named John Napier invented logarithms, which are a technology that allows multiplication to be performed via addition. The magic ingredient is the logarithm of each operand, which was originally obtained from a printed table. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Computers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But Napier also invented an alternative to tables, where the logarithm values were carved on ivory sticks which are now called Napiers Bones. In 1642 Blaise Pascal, at age 19, invented the Pascaline as an aid for his father who was a tax collector. Pascal built 50 of this gear-driven one-function calculator but couldnt sell many because of their exorbitant cost and because they really werent that accurate. Up until the present age when car dashboards went digital, the odometer portion of a cars speedometer used the very same mechanism as the Pascaline to increment the next wheel after each full revolution of the prior wheel. Pascal was a child prodigy. At the age of 12, he was discovered doing his version of Euclids thirty-second proposition on the kitchen floor. Pascal went on to invent probability theory, the hydraulic press, and the syringe. Shown below is an 8 digit version of the Pascaline. Just a few years after Pascal, the German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz managed to build a four calculator that he called the stepped reckoner because, instead of gears, it employed fluted drums having ten flutes arranged around their circumference in a stair-step fashion. Although the stepped reckoner employed the decimal number system, Leibniz was the first to advocate use of the binary number system which is fundamental to the operation of modern computers. Leibniz is considered one of the greatest of the philosophers but he died poor and alone. In 1801 the Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a power loom that could base its weave (and hence the design on the fabric) upon a pattern automatically read from punched wooden cards, held together in a long row by rope. Descendents of these punched cards have been in use ever since. By 1822 the English mathematician Charles Babbage was proposing a steam driven calculating machine the size of a room, which he called the Difference Engine. This machine would be able to compute tables of numbers, such as logarithm tables. Holleriths invention, known as the Hollerith desk, consisted of a card reader which sensed the holes in the cards, a gear driven mechanism which could count, and a large wall of dial indicators to display the results of the count. Hollerith built a company, the Tabulating Machine Company which, after a few buyouts, eventually became International Business Machines, known today as IBM. IBM grew rapidly and punched cards became ubiquitous. Your gas bill would arrive each month with a punch card you had to return with your payment.

Politics in Kenya in the 20th Century free essay sample

This paper discusses the role of the Mau Mau tribe in Kenyas independence. Also, the role of Jomo Kenyatta and the Kikuyu Central Association regarding liberation from British oppression. This paper discusses the political situation in Kenya, specifically the Mau Mau tribe. The author explains the role of the British, and their eventual eradication from Kenya. The road to freedom and development in modern day Africa has been a lengthy struggle for the continents nations. Political negotiations, violent uprisings, and anti- European liberation movements were all employed by different African countries at various times, depending on how difficult achieving independence would be. For nations like Tanganyika, independence was obtained through less hectic means; as this countrys primary nationalist movement (Tanganyika African National Union), led by Julius Nyere, won a decisive majority in the 1958 British parliamentary election. TANUs victory coupled with the support they received from several powerful white-settler politicians resulted in independence for this nation, ultimately constructed around a fair and non-racial constitution. We will write a custom essay sample on Politics in Kenya in the 20th Century or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Free Essays on The Lion In Love

The Lion in Love is a fable about a lion that falls in love with a woodcutter’s daughter. The lion demanded the daughter in marriage but her father would not grant his request. The daughter was fearfully afraid of his claws and teeth, and after serious consideration, the fathers’ willingness to accept the Lion as a suitor of his daughter under one condition, that he would allow him to extract his defenses, such as his teeth, and cut off his claws. The lion assented to the fathers’ proposal. When the toothless and clawless lion returned to repeat his request to marry his daughter, the woodcutter, no longer fearing the lion, sat upon him with his club and drove him into the forest. This fable represents the good and evil in the world. The lion only wanting to marry his daughter out of love and father only wanting him to give up his defenses so he could never fear him again shows that out of something good comes evil. The morals of the story is to never resign to your own defenses; love can blind even the wildest; and an extravagant love consults neither life, fortune, nor reputation, but sacrifices all that can be dear to a man of sense and honor, to the transports of an inconsiderate passion. The ideology of this fable is that when you give up your defenses and who you are you lose a part of you. If you have to give up your dignity and honor of who you are for someone you love then you should not be with that person. I think in today’s society some people change who they are to make the person they want to be with happy. If it takes changing who you are to make someone else happy, I believe you don’t even need to be with that person. If a person is not happy with whom you are then they do not need to be with you. In this fable, the lion gives up his defenses in order to marry the woodcutter’s daughter, but in the end it never changed anything except the fact that he lost who he was, and yet he still did not... Free Essays on The Lion In Love Free Essays on The Lion In Love The Lion in Love is a fable about a lion that falls in love with a woodcutter’s daughter. The lion demanded the daughter in marriage but her father would not grant his request. The daughter was fearfully afraid of his claws and teeth, and after serious consideration, the fathers’ willingness to accept the Lion as a suitor of his daughter under one condition, that he would allow him to extract his defenses, such as his teeth, and cut off his claws. The lion assented to the fathers’ proposal. When the toothless and clawless lion returned to repeat his request to marry his daughter, the woodcutter, no longer fearing the lion, sat upon him with his club and drove him into the forest. This fable represents the good and evil in the world. The lion only wanting to marry his daughter out of love and father only wanting him to give up his defenses so he could never fear him again shows that out of something good comes evil. The morals of the story is to never resign to your own defenses; love can blind even the wildest; and an extravagant love consults neither life, fortune, nor reputation, but sacrifices all that can be dear to a man of sense and honor, to the transports of an inconsiderate passion. The ideology of this fable is that when you give up your defenses and who you are you lose a part of you. If you have to give up your dignity and honor of who you are for someone you love then you should not be with that person. I think in today’s society some people change who they are to make the person they want to be with happy. If it takes changing who you are to make someone else happy, I believe you don’t even need to be with that person. If a person is not happy with whom you are then they do not need to be with you. In this fable, the lion gives up his defenses in order to marry the woodcutter’s daughter, but in the end it never changed anything except the fact that he lost who he was, and yet he still did not...

Lord of the Flies5 essays

Lord of the Flies5 essays In the book The Lord of the Flies the beast turns out to be the boys worst enemy even though it never really existed. The beast turned out to be the boys themselves. They were all scared the beast would kill them, but they ended up hurting or killing themselves just by defending themselves from the The first sign of the beast was when the boys were first scared. When the little boy told the rest of the boys about the snake-thing he saw in the woods he refers to it as the beastie. None of the boys really believe him, but in all their minds it gets them thinking and worring about whats on the island, and if there are any beasts of some sort. The beast occurs any time the boys are frightened. If they hear a noise in the woods it must have be the beast. If they see something that scares them it must be the beast. This freightenment works the boys up so much that their primary goal is to kill the beast. In the end they kill themselves, and they realize that they were running from themselves. The beast never existed I think the author, Golding, felt the same why when he wrote the book. The beast is the boys, and it ends up being their worst nightmare, and they dont even know it. That interpetation of the beast changed throughout the book and i began to realize what the author meant by the beast. ...

SWOT analysis for outsourcing a business function, in this case - Essay

SWOT analysis for outsourcing a business function, in this case - inventory management to cloud computing - Essay Example Secondly, lack of knowledge of any particular company would lead to an inefficient service being provided by companies such as Cloud Computing at the expense of the time and resources of its client. The inventory function is one function that is central to any organization’s entire business, hence it should be kept in-house rather than out-sourcing it to companies like Cloud computing because it might further increase the chances of fraud and theft. The opportunities and risks that may arise would be: Opportunities: Specialist vendors would really manage the inventory management system more efficiently if they get good knowledge of the company’s activities, culture, environment, etc. Time would be saved Cyber embassies, if created, would really help in obtaining data from far away locations. Data could be retrieved quickly if the region of operation of the company is same where the cloud computing office exists. Focus of the business would divert towards the improvement of the business rather than focusing on the inventory management system Risks/Threats: The inventory management function might not be easily understood by Cloud Computing Having older and newer licenses would both have their respective complications. Data could not be easily accessible in any other regions e.g. a company operating in the EU would not be able to store its data with a U.S vendor.

Singapore Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singapore Model - Essay Example Singapore’s description of state capitalism is that the government has controlling shares in various public corporations and issue funding through the sovereign wealth fund (SWF). The SWF is state-owned capital funds used for real and financial asset investments in stocks, bonds or other alternative ventures. The funds are applied universally from export revenues or foreign exchange reserves in the custody of the central bank. Considering this, Singapore attracts multinational organizations to take the global SWF benefits. The country also imposes business friendly regulations that favor the establishment of multinational organizations. The Singapore’s capitalism Model incorporates the private and public-owned companies towards an overall contribution to the economy (Tajuddin 54). The availability of the SWF has enhanced domestic investment in which the local industries are capable of manufacturing large-scale production. As a result, the state-owned companies transform into global enterprises that serve other regions with quality products. It is apparent that the SWF contribute to government social spending without raising taxes because they represent the budgetary surplus owned by the central bank. Similarly, the SWF does not have international debts accrued from government borrowing. The country creates SWF in order to boost economic activities inspired to promote the state-owned enterprises. Singapore depends on services and manufacturing exports, with little government interference.

3d Printing Technology Essay Example for Free

3d Printing Technology Essay Legitimate Concerns Facing 3D Printing Technology Executive Summary This research journal article discusses how 3D Printing technology may effect federal firearms regulations. The focus of the article is that, due to the development of 3D Printing technology, individuals, even people without technical expertise, now have the ability to use the new technology to produce guns at home much more easily than they ever have before. This behavior might bring great harm to society. However, if a comprehensive prohibition on using 3D Printers to manufacture personal weapons were implemented, it might defy the 2008 District of Columbia v. Heller Supreme Court decision. In fact, the increasing popularity of 3D Printing means lawmakers must decide soon whether or not to allow 3D Printing of weapons. 3D Printing either should only be allowed to produce things that cannot be used as lethal weapons. Or, secondly, it can be used to produce a physical, working gun. The second option might achieve advances in 3D printing technology and promote the development of firearms design. However, developments in 3D Printing technology are creating concerns that not only legitimate consumers but also criminals are able to â€Å"print† firearms at home. If the law doesn’t allow individuals to use 3D printers to manufacturer personal weapons like handguns, it might be illegal according to the Second Amendment of the Constitution, a provision which protects the right of individuals to possess firearms under the law. Specifically, under the 2nd Amendment individuals may have the right to create their own firearms for self-defense, and the right to the manufacture firearms technology and materials. Analysis and Critique In fact, 3D Printing technology is not brand new. This technology has been undergoing development for more than a decade. The reason it became more popular recently is because of decreasing usage costs, so more and more individuals have the opportunity to own 3D Printers for personal use. In my analysis and critique of this journal article, I will focus on three different areas: how well does it deliver information to the reader, how the product will evolve in the future, and what is my opinion of concern about 3D Printing technology relate to firearms production after reading this journal article. First of all, this article is well organized and divided into four parts. The first part introduces what 3D Printing is, and how it is possible to produce firearms using the technology. The second part explains why the sale and production of firearms are limited under federal regulations, and provides an overall outlook of the firearm industry. Part three includes explanations of how 3D printers may change firearms production. Finally, Part four describes the constitutional right to bear arms, and it also analyzes the extent to which Heller’s case may limit prohibitions on 3D Printing. Moreover, this article provides other critical information to explain key points. It is a very valuable introduction for a reader without a background in the subject who might not be very familiar with the IT industry or with the relevant legislation. Based on the data and supporting details provided by the author, readers will have a basic idea of the fundamental issues concerning the intersect ion of 3D Printing and weaponry. As a result, it relates the technology to big concerns about public security, and the author gives great examples of the various legal arguments on the topic. Therefore, I think this article is a valuable qualitative article that can expand people’s knowledge on the subject. Secondly, besides concerns about guns, there are no other disadvantages to the improvement of 3D Printing, which will make the operating cost of the technology increasingly cheap. Jensen-Haxel explains how 3D Printing actually works in his article: The process begins with a digital 3D model created using Computer Added Design (CAD) software. The software automatically slices the model into a stack of thin horizontal cross-sections about 0.1mm in height. The, 3D printer then builds the physical model by depositing material layer by layer. At the same time, 3D Printers are getting smaller and smaller, which will make it easier for consumers to have their own machines at home. This changes the old production model. Nowadays, people are allowed to produce whatever they want using a 3D Printer, all they need are the required data and materials. In fact, because of the development of the Internet, it is easier than ever for people to find these resources online. Evans states that: The quickest way to get started with 3D printing is simply to find models online that others have already created and shared on the Internet. The online 3D printing community is growing all the time, so more and more things are being shared every day. Therefore, the limitations of self-production have shifted from hardware difficulties to software or materials issues. The technology is becoming simpler to use, but it might harm light manufacturing industries because some designers may be able to use their own 3D Printers to produce a sample instead of finding established producers that use traditional manufacturing methods. Because of these improvements, the potential for 3D Printing is bright, but the light manufacturing industry might be negatively affected by it. Finally, the author argues that the rapid improvement of 3D Printing and the increasing convenience for individuals to produce things with it is both a major concern and a tremendous possibility. Should individuals receive the right to do whatever they want with 3D Printing technology, even the ability to â€Å"print† firearms? The topic of gun safety has become especially relevant since the school shooting in Newton, Connecticut last year. More and more people are arguing about if the government should make some changes to firearms regulation. Jensen-Haxel wrote in his article that: â€Å"As the power of production passes from industry to consumer, many areas of the law may be caught unprepared.† (P.448) Concerns about the rate of technological progress outpacing regulations are not limited to 3D Printing. Because of the relentless improvements to technology, more and more challenges will occur as regulators try to manage new technology. The fact is, in most cases, laws only change after a new problem occurs, which means that new products will often exist in a legal gray area before rules can be changed. How the government deals with this issue might be a big concern in the following decades. To sum up, this article first introduces 3D Printing technology, and gives an example how 3D Printing has been used to â€Å"print† a firearm. As a result, the author relates this new technology to a regulatory concern. Within his argument, he provides lots of legal information, and then tries to point out a fact that some gray areas exist because regulation usually develops slower than a new technology can. Back to this article, is seems like the future of 3D Printing technology in unclear until the government resolves the legal issues concerning manufacturing weapons with this technology. Reference Evans, B. (2012). Practical 3D printers: the science and art of 3D printing. New York: Apress. Jensen-Haxel, Peter (2012). 3D Printers, Obsolete Firearm Supply Controls, and the Right to Build Self-Defense Weapons Under Heller. Golden Gate University Law Review; May2012, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p447-496, 50p

Transcription from a Broadcast of Network 23 :: Television Programs Los Angeles Essays

Transcription from a Broadcast of Network 23 The following is a complete verbatim transcription from a recent broadcast of "Network 23", a program shown on a local Los Angeles Public Access Cable Channel.Good evening, I'm Michel Kassett. This is Network 23. A couple of weeks ago we had a program on the subject of AIDS, addressing the question of whether AIDS-the AIDS virus-was created by the government; and I'm sure that some people were quite shocked by what they heard. We spent that entire program relating to you the evidence of a very substantial amount of factual evidence which supports the proposition that AIDS is a synthetic biological agent that was deliberately engineered by the US government as an instrument of depopulation. This is by far the most controversial and dangerous subject that we have ever addressed on this program, so I would like to review briefly the major points-the most significant pieces of evidence-that I presented two weeks ago.The first point was that in the early 1970's, Henry Kissinger wrote a top secret document-a National Security Memorandum ("NSM 200") -- in which he indicated that "depopulation should be the highest priority of US foreign policy towards the Third World." This Memorandum which can be obtained from the US National Archives, which was only declassified very quietly in 1990, was adopted by the National Security Council as official US foreign policy towards the Third World. Now, this is a classic example of the "secret government" in action, because of none of this was known to the Congress, and certainly, it was not known to the American people. Did any of you know that depopulation was considered a matter of US national security? Did any of you know that for the p ast 20 years, depopulation has been the highest long-range priority of US foreign policy towards the Third World? No you didn't, because it was classified-it was a secret.I would like to read for you just a piece of this document. It is written by Henry Kissinger:"Reduction of the rate of population in these States is a matter of vital US national security." [National Security Memorandum, Henry Kissinger]And we even have a map of those areas in which Kissinger indicates where depopulation would be desireable. It's all Third World countries- it's all brown people and yellow people, of course."The US economy will require large and increasing amounts of minerals from abroad, especially from less-developed countries.

Alumni Tracer System

The Alumni tracer is a System that even they are far from the schools, the schools can communicate with the graduate students and to know more about their experiences and their careers after finished their studies. Technology is a tool and method used in solving problems and to make the work easier. In our modern generation, almost everything around us is made-up of technology and the most developed gadget in our generation is the computer wherein almost everyone needs it. Students, Teacher, or even a simple user can do anything they want in computers. It can make to help us to make our work easier and faster. Every schools-universities or institutions are using computers. Some of schools wants to remember all those person who have been part of their society, that’s why they want to know if the students from their school has a capability to compete their knowledge or skills to everyone and they want to know more about the students who are already graduated. College has always placed great emphasis on the importance of maintaining a close rapport with its alumni. In order to build and enhance the alumni network, the Alumni Affairs Office was established to act as an intermediary platform in bridging the gap between the College and its vast alumni members. It actively plays its role in maintaining a good relationship between the alumni and College as well as extending dynamic network between alumni from various School of Studies. The Alumni Affairs Office also plays an integral part in organizing various homecomings, thus effectively keeping the communication channel between the College and its alumni open, providing countless opportunities for its alumni in strengthening its networking ties and forging an everlasting bond of fellowship. Thus the researchers came up with an idea of creating an online alumni tracer. The Alumni Tracer is being used by several schools to conduct significant feedback, to reconnect graduates to their alma mater and to know the demographic profile of the employment record of the respondents. Several schools in the Philippines nowadays have been using it and integrate it through their official websites and/or alumni association’s page.

Modern Life vs Village Life Essay

Many towns and villages then are nothing more than suburbs today. By definition cities have larger populations than towns which are larger than villages, which is a major difference between modern life and village life. In today’s Modern life cities have an urban settlement with large populations where as villages were settlements of community with small populations. Modern life have many advantages over village, because city modern life facility are easily available, as telephone , gas , internet, schools, colleges, universities, hospitals, industries, factories, roads, airports, railway stations and many were most, but most village are deprived of these many facilities like many villages no facility of gas, telephone , roads, etc. â€Å"The Telephone,† Accawi offers an unpretentious description of how the modern world began its intrusion into a timeless and insulated culture, where â€Å"there was no real need for a calendar or a watch to keep track of the day, hours months, and years†. Read more: Essay on village life As Accawi says of village life:†we lived and loved and toiled and dies without ever needing to know what year it was, or even the time of day. † Village life is slow moving and more agriculturally based while city is the center for trade, commercial industry and education. Modern life is always on the go, there are many offers for pleasures, opportunities for jobs, if you have a good job you can live well. The village was a traditional place where everyone enjoyed life and being around each other. Although village life had its pleasure, but it also had its flaws. In village life there were more chances of dying then in modern life . Forexample health care wise, assistance is wasn’t always available in the village if someone was in danger they would of had to rely on their own resources. Medical help is more easily available in modern life. Villages were miles and miles away from the nearest hospital or police station. But in a city with EMS the nearest hospital or clinic is just a few seconds away. Mordern dangers like traffic are constant but it is rarely pointed out that villages had their dangers too. A child playing in a village park may get bit by an wild animal. Wild animals are more of a threat in villages and may carry disease. But to belive that village life is safer than modern isn’t necessarily true. A was a threat is a threat whereevery it occurs A village child may grow up with the appreciation of birds and the wonders of the out doors and miss out on priceless opportunites in the modern day life. Modern life may have its flaws, but the opportunity given outweighs them. Morden life may seem preferable to the village life, because of technology and large scenery, but there are some disadvantages too, the cost of the living is high in the city, the city is noisy, no fresh air nor pure water. So it is hard to live a healthy life. People living in cities are different but similar from people living in villages. It is normal to us that city life is more enjoyable than village life. From our prospective of modern life, city life is filled with a lot of advantages. This is because of the fact that there are a number of opportunities open to you in modern life . City life is provided with a lot of facilities too. The behavior of the people in village life is different from the people in modern life. The people in villages on the other hand are warm-hearted and friendly. People in villages are very helpful in nature whereas people living in cities tend to be more selfish in their attitude. Villagers accept you well where as modern life people tend not to. It’s quiet, peaceful and the air was fresh in the village life, employment was seasonal for example farming witch is similar to roofers in the modern life,during the rainy season and brick making in the dry season. Wages brung better way of living to many familes in the village life, villagers were able to trade things and purchase farming goods from farmers like we trade and purchase food from our modern day markets. But You would not find many facilities and opportunities in a village. Parents would be love to send their child to the city for higher studies rather than to villages. The city is filled with quality higher education institutions whereas villages do not have with high quality colleges and universities. As read in the ,the villagers did not have much, and technology was very new to them. Fore example they judged time by certain events that happened. The birth of someone important or earthquake would be enough to grasp time. The children would play in the streets and run errands for the grown ups for money. Accawi grew up in this town and he was quietly statisfied and happy with his life. He woundn’t be to kindly of change because he had fun without all the advantages of technology. Assuming everyone else was happy as well. However, when the telephone came, it changed their lives forever. The telephone brought so many opportunities for the villagers. As read in the text â€Å"the whole village would sit by the phone and wait for it to ring and bring them news, and opportunities to make money†. The people of Magdaluna fell in love with the phone. The crowd around the phone grew larger and larger. People would receive job and leave the village. This was upsetting to many people of Magdaluna, especially Accawi. . I can agree with Accawi,I miss my home town in Haiti, migrating to America was a lot to take in. Like Accawi I was so acostume to the way of living in Haiti, so similar to the village life in Magadluna. But once my father found a better job in America we moved out as soon as possible. facing a variety of finical problems crime, drugs, corruption, a troubled my town my father was overwhelmed and dissatisfied with the direction of our town. He believe life was better in the United States. Close to 70% of my town say that people who move from hatiti enjoy a better life in the U. S. And the vast majority of those who are in regular contact with friends and relatives living in the U. S. say those friends and relatives have largely achieved their goals.

Positive vs. Negative Commands in Spanish

Positive vs. Negative Commands in Spanish Spanish uses a different verb form for positive direct commands (such as do it) than it does for negative direct commands (dont do it) in the familiar second-person form, that is, when speaking to tà º or vosotros. Note the differences with the following regular verbs, all of them in the imperative mood. Pronouns in parentheses are optional and are included here for clarity: habla (tà º) (speak, you singular); no hables (dont speak, you singular); hablad (vosotros) (speak, you plural); no hablà ©is (vosotros) (dont speak, you plural) come (tà º) (eat, you singular); no comas (dont eat, you singular); comed (vosotros) (eat, you plural); no comis (vosotros) (dont eat, you plural) vive (tà º) (live, you singular); no vivas (dont live, you singular); vivid (vosotros) (live, you plural); no vivis (vosotros) (dont live, you plural) The same endings are usually used for most of the irregular verbs as well. Note that the negative form of familiar second-person commands is the same as the present subjunctive form. Here are some examples of sentences showing the difference with irregular verbs: Ve a casa. (Go home, singular) No vayas a casa. (Dont go home.) Id a casa. (Go home, plural) No vayis a casa. (Dont go home, plural.) Hazlo. (Do it.) No lo hagas. (Dont do it.) Hacedlo. (Do it, plural.) No lo hagis. (Dont do it, plural.) Dime. (Tell me.) No me digas. (Dont tell me.) Decidme. (Tell me, plural.) No me digis. (Dont tell me, plural.)

Starburst Galaxies

Starburst Galaxies The universe is filled with galaxies, which are themselves filled with stars. At some point in its life, each galaxy bristled with star formation in vast clouds of hydrogen gas. Even today, some galaxies seem to have more than the usual amount of star birth activity and astronomers want to know why. There were so many stars being born in some galaxies in earlier times that they probably looked like cosmic fireworks bursts. Astronomers refer to these hotbeds of star birth as starburst galaxies. Key Takeaways: Starburst Galaxies Starburst galaxies are galaxies where high rates of star formation has occurred very quickly.Nearly all types of galaxies can undergo starburst events if conditions are right.Astronomers know that starburst galaxies are often involved in mergers that mingle stars and gas. Shock waves push the gas, which sets off the starburst activity. Starburst galaxies have unusually high  rates of star formation, and those bursts last for a short time during the galaxys long life. Thats because star formation burns through the gas reserves of the galaxy very quickly. It is likely that the sudden burst of star birth is triggered by a specific event. In most cases, a galaxy merger does the trick. Thats when two or more galaxies mesh together in a long gravitational dance and eventually meld together. During the merger, the gases of all the galaxies involved are mixed together. The collision sends shock waves through those gas clouds, which compress the gases and set off bursts of star formation.   Properties of Starburst Galaxies Starburst galaxies are not a  new type of galaxy, but rather simply a galaxy (or mingled galaxies) in a particular phase of their evolution. Even so, there are some properties that show up in most starburst galaxies: a very rapid star formation rate. These galaxies will produce stars at rates well above the average rate of most regular galaxies; availability of gas and dust. Some galaxies may have higher than normal star-formation rates simply due to their high volumes of gas and dust. However, some starburst galaxies do not a have the reserves to justify why they would have such high rates of star formation, so mergers may not be the only explanation;star formation rate is inconsistent with the age of the galaxy. The main point is that the current rate of star formation could not have been constant since the formation of the galaxy given its age. An older galaxy simply wouldnt have enough gas left over to keep up starbirth action for billions of years. In some starburst galaxies astronomers see a sudden burst of star birth, and often the explanation is a merger or chance encounter with another galaxy. Astronomers sometimes also compare the rate of star formation in a galaxy relative to its rotational period. If, for example, the galaxy exhausts all of its available gas during one rotation of the galaxy (given the high star formation rate), then it can be considered a starburst galaxy. The Milky Way rotates once every 220 million years; some galaxies go much slower, others faster. Another widely accepted method to see if a galaxy is a starburst is to compare the star formation rate against the age of the universe. If the current rate would exhaust all of the available gas in less time than 13.7 billion years, then its possible that a given galaxy may be in a starburst state.   Annotated image showing dazzling eyelid-like features bursting with stars in galaxy IC 2163. A tsunami of stars and gas triggered by a glancing collision with galaxy NGC 2207 (a portion of its spiral arm is shown on right side of image). ALMA image of carbon monoxide (orange), which revealed motion of the gas in these features, is shown on top of Hubble image (blue) of the galaxy. M. Kaufman; B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF); ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Types of Starburst Galaxies Starburst activity can occur in galaxies ranging from spirals to irregulars. Astronomers who study these objects classify them into sub-types that help describe their ages and other characteristics. Starburst galaxy types include: Wolf-Rayet galaxies:  defined by their ratio of bright stars that fall into the Wolf-Rayet classification. Galaxies of this type have regions of high stellar wind, driven by the Wolf-Rayet stars. Those stellar monsters are incredibly massive and luminous and have very high rates of mass loss. The winds that they produce can collide with regions of gas and drive rapid star formation.Blue compact galaxies:  low mass galaxies that were once thought to be young galaxies, just beginning to form stars. However, they usually contain populations of very old stars. That usually is a good clue that the galaxy is quite old. Astronomers now suspect that blue compact galaxies are actually the result of mergers between galaxies of varying ages. Once they collide, starburst activity ramps up and lights up the galaxies.Luminous infrared galaxies:  dim, hidden galaxies that are difficult to study because they contain high levels of dust that can obscure observation. Typically infrared radiation   detected by telescopes is used to penetrate the dust. That provides clues to increased star formation. Some of these objects have been found to contain multiple supermassive black holes, which can shut down star formation. The increase in star birth in such galaxies has to be the result of a recent galaxy merger. Cause of Increased Star Formation Although the merger of galaxies is pinpointed as the main cause of star birth in these galaxies, the exact processes are not well understood. Partially, this is due to the fact that starburst galaxies come in many shapes and sizes, so there may be more than one condition that leads to increased star formation. However, for a starburst galaxy to even form, there must be lots of gas available to generate the new stars. Also, something must disturb the gas, to begin the gravitational collapse process that leads to the creation of new objects. Those two requirements led astronomers to suspect galaxy mergers and shock waves as two processes that can lead to starburst galaxies.   Centaurus A galaxy has a massive black hole at its heart that is actively gobbling up material. The actions of such active galactic nuclei may play a role in starbursts in galaxies.   ESO/WFI (Optical); MPIfR/ESO/APEX/A.Weiss et al. (Submillimetre); NASA/CXC/CfA/R.Kraft et al. (X-ray) Two other possibilities for the cause of starburst galaxies include: Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN): Virtually all galaxies contain a supermassive black hole in their core. Some galaxies appear to be in a state of high activity, where the central black hole is ejecting massive amounts of energy.  There is a great deal of evidence to show that the presence of such a black hole can dampen star formation activity. However, in the case of these so-called active  galactic nuclei, they can also, under the right conditions, trigger rapid star formation as the accretion of matter in a disk and its eventual ejection away from the black hole can create shockwaves that could trigger star formation.High supernova rates: Supernovae are violent events. If the rate of explosions increases due to the presence of a very high number of aging stars in a compact area, the resulting shockwaves can begin a rapid increase in star formation. However, this such an event to occur the conditions would have to be ideal; more so than in the other possibilities listed here. A supernova can push clouds of nearby gas around spur limited amounts of starbirth. This supernova is shown in a Hubble Space Telescope view of the Crab Nebula supernova remnant. NASA/ESA/STScI Starburst galaxies remain an active area of investigation by astronomers. The more they find, the better scientists can describe the actual conditions that lead up to the bright bursts of star formation that populate these galaxies.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Assignment2-503 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment2-503 - Essay Example The officer has a responsibility of ensuring that schools are provided with sufficient financial resources to carry out their mandate as academic and social institutions. In regards to tutors, they are licensed by the City Council to operate. However, in private schools tutors are selected by the mandate of the school. In addition, the schools determine the level that a tutor may be viable for education. Public academic institutions in Ashland are limited in regards to their hiring mandate. The institutions do not directly hire tutors as qualified tutors are provided for the school. The role of the tutors is dictated by both the school administration and the council educational department. The main duty and responsibility of tutors is to provide educational experience to students as required by the curriculum and their institution. Other staff members in institutions are hired by the institution management. For instance, caterers, drivers, security personnel and secretaries are provided by the administration. However, the city council requires a free and fair employment system that would provide equal opportunities to all viable candidates. The mandate of these staff is also directed by the school administration. The district has also provided schools with specifications on ways to cope with bullying and safety. In regards to safety the district provides safe routes for student to use when going to school. Each school in Ashland City has an accessible website. The website is provided by the school and contains information about the school. Information provided include programs offered, fee structures, location, mission and objectives. Apart from these websites, the district contains a website that includes the schools located in Ashland City (City of Ashland, 2014). The website contains schools at all levels and provide their location. The rate of

Dances with Wolves (1990) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dances with Wolves (1990) - Essay Example The story tells that the most remarkable aspect of this movie has been that the director has aesthetically explored the emotional facets of a co-culture, the Lakota culture. The writer has stimulated, without using preachy techniques, compassion and thoughtful consideration of this culture. There are some small scenes that bring forward the human sensitivities that are inherent in Lakota culture. There was a scene where the tribe’s medicine man, Kicking Bird, and his wife were lying on the bed and viewers could sense anxiety and uncertainty in his expression. It was then shown that Kicking Bird pulled out one of his children’s dolls on which he had lain upon. This small and seemingly insignificant scene exposes to the viewers that parental feelings that common people experience in their lives are also present in a profound sense within the Lakota culture. With scenes like this, the director has successfully managed to portray the human side of this culture and such scen es have demonstrated that humanity is a common element inherent to all people regardless of their caste and community. The movie has managed to convey the message that the tendency of one culture to see the other cultures as inferior. In conclusion, a solution to multicultural conflicts can come from an understanding of the cultural perceptions of the other culture. This is the ultimate message of this movie. John gets accepted by the Lakota Indians as a respected guest only when he learns their language, and with an open heart acknowledges their lifestyle and customs.

Renewabe Energy Sources Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Renewabe Energy Sources - Research Paper Example Renewable energy sources and the significant opportunities for the energy efficiency exist over a wide geographical area. Deployment of the renewable energy and technological diversification of the energy sources would result in a significant energy security and economic benefits (Johansson, 2007). There are several uncertainties surrounding the future of renewable sources of energy. There are claims that the available sources will be unable meet the demand in the future. In the past, the renewable energy has been terribly expensive to produce and use than fossils fuels. The renewable resources are mainly located in the remote areas, and it is terribly expensive to build the power lines in urban areas where electricity produced is needed. The use of this energy sources is also limited by the fact that they are not always available for use. During the cloudy days, they may be no solar power produced (Tiwari, 2012). When the winds are calm, and there is drought there would be no hydrop ower produced in such a case. The use and production of the renewable sources has grown in the recent years as a result of high prices of gas and natural oil. The use of this energy is expected to continue rising over the next thirty years, although EIA projects will have to continue relying on the non-renewable fuels in order to meet the energy needs. Other sources of energy like the fossils cause an environmental hazard because they contribute in the global warming. The United States is the leading consumer of energy; her energy is expected to rise in the future. Alternative sources will be used; this will ease the burden of importing petroleum products (Fra?ss-Ehrfeld, 2009). Therefore, U.S should be in the front line in developing the energy sources such as the wind and solar power. This will substantially boost the economy, hence reducing global warming and also help their citizen to save money. Unfortunately, oil companies have always been able to influence the department of E nergy to reject proposals on additional sources of energy. It has always been that the decision of the department on the project will depend on the opinions of the oil companies. Few countries have the capabilities of storing the energy for use. This is an exercise which requires funding; this makes it difficult to establish various points where the energy can be stored (Laughton, 2006). Sources like geothermal and water requires funds to implement the project. Lack of knowledge can also be a problem when implementing the project of renewable from of energy. Projects like geothermal and hydropower have to be implemented by electrical engineers, which might be a significant problem while finding one. Solar energy utilizes the infrared radiations to emit energy. This can be used at night and does not require additional resources. Despite requiring, no resources the people implementing must have the required knowledge to implement the project successfully. Energy is a necessary resourc e that is necessary for all industrial societies. Natural sources of energy like fossil fuels pose a risk to the environment. Other sources of energy are not sufficient to meet the demand for energy. These conditions require the United States to find alternative sources of energy. These alternative sources must meet the demands of energy which will reduce the risks of global warming. Th

James Is Intolerance of the Catholic Faith Essay Example for Free

James Is Intolerance of the Catholic Faith Essay Do you agree with the view that the main cause of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was James I’s intolerance of the catholic faith? It was the lack of tolerance in which James showed toward the Catholic faith, but also the large amounts of tolerance to the Protestants in the mean time. James was, almost, too pleasant towards the Protestants and therefore angered the Catholics as he did so, leaving the Catholic’s wanting to display that the intolerance shown towards them was unacceptable. Therefore, historians are able to infer that it was due to James’ attitudes towards the catholic faith that the Gunpowder Plot took place. Source 2 and 3 both agree that the gunpowder plot was due to James dealing with the Catholic faith with a very harsh attitude, also pushing the Catholics into taking measures such as ‘massacres, rebellions and desperate attempts against the King and State’ due to the King driving them to. James ‘dealt severely [..] he took a lot of money’ which he, evidently, didn’t implicate amongst the puritans. James shows a lot of hatred towards the Catholics and their faith through the way he dealt with them. Source 4 supports evidence shown through both source 2 and 3 in the way that it is expressing the ‘utter detestation’ he had of Catholicism and how he was happy to show his ‘hostility against the Catholics in order to satisfy the Puritans’. James states how he couldn’t comply with all the needs of the Catholics which they present to them, however he made no effort to even think about contemplating those needs of the Protestants. The kings hatred towards the Catholics, however, may also have been due to the influence of his inherited chief minister, Robert Cecil, who from Source 3 we can understand himself didn’t enjoy having the Catholic faith around, being warned that if the harshness shown towards them wasn’t to stop then the king would have to intervene in ‘massacres, rebellions and desperate attempts against the king and state’. However, Robert Cecil, down to his own despise of the faith manipulated the situation, applying a larger amount of pressure upon James to continue to treat the Catholics with a harsh manner, shown in source 5, ‘Cecil used every opportunity to infer to James that the popes were rivals to his authority [] something James could not tolerate’. Source 5, unlike source 3, states how Cecil was a ‘staunch protestant’ seeing the Catholics as being ‘tantamount to traitors’ due to their beliefs opposing the king by referring back to the pope, although they both show that Robert Cecil is using his own viewpoint to affect the way in which the King undertake the ‘issue’ of the Catholic faith, just in diverse ways, and therefore a possible cause of the gunpowder plot, which many historians would argue, was due to James’ ministers themselves, influencing the kings beliefs and ideals. Robert Cecil through his influence over the king shown in source 5 can also be supported in source 1 with him stating that the King has been too tolerable of the Catholics and how the king should be harsher towards them and how ‘the King’s excessive kindness’ has resulted to ‘priests preach that Catholics much kill the Kings to help their religion’, and therefore wasn’t James’ intolerance of the Catholics that caused the Gunpowder plot but the tolerance he showed them instead. Many Catholics would say that due to James’ deliberately publicly announcing his ‘utter detestation’ of their faith that James deserved the plot to be against him due to the harshness shown towards their faith and beliefs, which we are able to infer via source 4 telling historians that ‘all priests [] had been expelled and recusancy fines introduced’. Overall through the sources historians are able to infer that James showed a large intolerance towards the Catholic faith, whether it be through him own ideals or influenced by other, which then pushed them into believing that performing the Gunpowder plot upon the Houses of Parliament was for the greater good of their religion, and therefore the main cause of the gunpowder plot of 1604 was King James’ intolerance for the Catholic faith. Amy Poole.

Deceit and Dishonesty in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Ey

Jane Eyre:   The Theme of Deceit and Dishonesty "'The marriage can not go on: I declare the existence of an impediment'" (306).  Ã‚   Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, is the story of an orphaned girl who is sent to live at Gateshead Hall with Mrs. Reed and her three cousins, whom Jane doesn't get along with. At the age of ten, Mrs. Reed sends Jane away to Lowood Institution, an all girls' school, where she spends the next eight years of her life. At the age of eighteen, Jane leaves Lowood and accepts the position as governess at Thornfield Hall. Mr. Rochester, the owner of Thornfield Hall, and Jane fall madly in love and plan to get married, but little does Jane know, Mr. Rochester has a terrible secret that could ruin Jane's life. Throughout the novel, the theme of deceit and dishonesty results in unhappiness and suffering not only to those being lied to, but also to those people perpetuating the untruths. In the beginning of Jane Eyre, Mrs. Reed tells the owner of Lowood Institution, Mr. Brocklehurst, that Jane has, "'a bad character, a deceitful disposition; and to let everybody at Lowood know what [she] is, and what [she] has done'" (34). Jane already despises Mrs. Reed for treating her so poorly, but now she is infuriated. If Mr. Brocklehurst describes Jane as Mrs. Reed instructs him to do, Jane will never make friends at Lowood because all of the children will fear her. Jane battles back by saying to her aunt, "'I am glad you are no relation of mine. I will never call you aunt again as long as I live. I will never come to see you when I am grown up; and if any one asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say the very thought of you makes me sick, and that you treated me with miserable cruelty'" (33). Jane... ...ugh in the end Jane and Mr. Rochester do get married, Jane is an emotionally battered character who has to look deep inside of herself to do what is best for her. This happens to people every day. They are hurt by dishonesty and deceitfulness. It can ruin their lives unless they make the commitment to be honest with themselves and those around them. Bibliography Fraser, Rebecca. The Brontes. 1st ed. New York: Crown Publishers, 1988. Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. 3rd ed. New York: The Modern Library. Bronte, Charlotte. "Charlotte Bronte's Letters". New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1971. Diedrick, James.   Newman on the Gentleman. http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/victorian/vn/victor10.html. Diedrick, James.   Jane Eyre and A Vindication   of the Rights of Woman. http://spider.albion.edu/fac/engl/diedrick/jeyre1.htm.

Uniform Commerical Code (UCC)

The UCC refers to the Uniform Commercial Code which originally created in year 1952 by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute, which are two national nongovernmental legal organizations (Steingold, 2013). These two private entities recommend that the 50 state governments adopt the UCC; however, it does not become law unless it’s enacted by the state. The UCC is a â€Å"comprehensive statutory scheme which includes laws that cover aspects of commercial transactions† (Cheeseman, 2012, p. 161).The UCC divided into nine main articles; general provisions; sales and leases, negotiable instruments, bank deposits and collections, funds transfer, letters of credit, bulk transfers/bulk sales, documents of title, investment securities and secured transactions (Steingold, 2013). The UCC contains many fundamental rules with over a hundred different sections with the two main provisions being the UCC article 2 (sales) and article 2a (leases). If the states want to conduct business transactions such as borrowing money, leasing equipment, establishing contracts and selling goods, these are excellent sections to use under the UCC.Why UCC is necessary By the turn of the 20th century, as the national economy grew, there seem to be a need, and it became necessary to regulate business transactions in a uniform way (Kent, 2013). The UCC believed to become necessary in order to protect business well as individuals, for uniformity, with a primary purpose to make business laws highly consistent across all the American fifty states by making business activities more predictable and efficient.In the words of the UCC itself, the Code intended â€Å"to simplify, clarify and modernize† commercial law, â€Å"to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"to make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions† (Steingold, 2013, para. 1). This unified act, UCC, is an effort t o harmonize the law of sales and other commercial transactions within the United States of America in all fifty states (US Legal, Inc. , 2013). Harmonizing the state laws considered also as being of important due to the prevalence of commercial transaction that extend beyond just one state; for example, one state may manufacture the good, another state may warehouse goods, the next state may be use to sell goods, and the last state to deliver the goods.The UCC goal is to achieve substantial uniformity in commercial laws, and at the same time it allows the states the flexibility to meet circumstances locally by modifying the UCC’s text as enacted in each state. The reason the 50 states have adopted the UCC Given what's known about the law of contact verse Uniform Commercial Code, it’s believed that the reason that the 50 states and territories have enacted some versions of UCC is because it addresses most aspects of commercial laws and aspects of uniformity.In addition, the UCC rules applies directly or indirectly to so many transactions concerning business offers goods and/or services (including software) or products that most state more than likely feel it to be a good idea to comply because it brings uniformity. The UCC provides links directly to the state statues and once the state legislature adopts and enacts UCC it then becomes a state statute law and coded. Benefits & detriments of the UCC replacementOne significant benefit to UCC replacing the traditional law of contracts is that there is no development of contract forms. By adopting the UCC, other benefits are; interstate transactions, standardized commercial expectations, commercial stability, cost reduction and international trade. â€Å"The Uniform Commercial Code contributed significantly to the establishing of uniform laws governing commercial transactions from one state to the next: therefore, interstate commerce is more effectively and efficiently undertaken† (Broemmel, 201 3, para.2).UCC also makes commercial transaction less complex, simpler and by using the UCC it will help the states facilitate their sales of good, any banking transaction, as well as other areas within the UCC easier. All business can enjoy standardized commercial expectations because of the state laws governing commercial transaction uniformed. In addition, the UCC develops a strong sense of commercial stability because the UCC requires a contract for a sale of goods over $500 be in writing (Broemmel, 2013, para. 4).As well, because of the commercial standardization created by the Uniform Commercial Code, other benefits of the UCC; cost reduction and price control (Broemmel, 2013, para. 5). Lastly, the benefit for international trade, â€Å"the UCC allows for expedited international trade because of the establishment of a uniform system of commercial law in each of the states, both the export and import of goods into the United States undertaken more efficiently, with significant ly less red tape and in a more cost-effective manner† (Broemmel, 2013, para.6).On the other side, from the commerce standpoint, the disadvantages to the UCC replacing the traditional law of contracts comes into play when it comes to consideration, it potentially does not take everything into account that may be of interest to the state, causing a conflict of laws. Another concern is with the change of technology, and the UCC needs to maintain a pace with the change of technology as methods by which commerce conducted changes.As well, when it comes to UCC filings, Dunn & Bradstreet states â€Å"it is one of their determinants features on their credit report† (Business. com Media, Inc. , 2013). â€Å"A UCC filing is a business document, filed to the Secretary of State, to enact a lien on a business† (Business. com, Media, Inc. , 2013, para. 2).

Cambridge as Level Weathering Process

Weathering Process Physical Weathering Processes Freeze Thaw (Frost Shattering) Temperatures need to fluctuate above and below freezing. When the temperature drops below 0 degrees, water collected in rock cracks freezes and expands. When temperatures rise again the ice melts. Pressure created by expansion results in progressive weakening of the rock. At high altitudes frost-shattered material forms scree slopes. Heating & Cooling Thermal expansion & contraction of rock in response to rising and falling temperatures. The daily cycle of heating and cooling sets up stresses in the rock that cause it to disintegrate.Occurs mostly in deserts where there is the greatest diurnal temperature range. Also occurs during bush fires. Wetting & Drying (Slaking) Rock is alternately wetted then dried. Minerals which make up clay rocks expand when wetted, then contract on drying-out. The stresses from repeated expansion and contraction cause the rock to disintegrate. This process commonly occurs on t he intertidal zone of coasts. Exfoliation (Onion weathering/Spheroidal) Under warm conditions rock surfaces heat up and expand more than the main mass of the internal body of the rock.Eventually the surface layers split off or spall from the lower layers, sometimes in slightly curved sheets like the layers of an onion. Seen especially in granite. Crystal Growth (Salt Weathering) Salt crystals, such as sodium carbonate and magnesium sulphate grow within spaces in a rock. It happens when saline water enters cracks in rocks then evaporates. The growing crystals prise the rock apart and small pieces break off. This process is especially effective in semi-arid areas and coastal regions. Pressure Release (Dilation) Not caused by elements of weather.Occurs either when erosion removes a heavy covering of rock or when large ice sheets melt. The removal of great weight allows the rock layers beneath to expend. As they expand they also fracture to produce bedding planes parallel to the ground surface. The spaces between the bedding planes (joints) are now open to the influence of further weathering. Organic Action The breaking up of rock by plant roots and burrowing animals. Roots grow into cracks and lines of weakness & as they thicken exert increasing pressure and cause rocks to fracture.Chemical Weathering Processes Hydrolysis The most common chemical weathering process. Carbonic acid in rain water releases hydrogen ions from the water which then combine with minerals in rocks causing them to break down. This is common in rocks containing feldspar e. g. granite. The end products weathered feldspar are clay minerals known as kaolinite. Kaolinite is an important component of fine bone China. Hydration This occurs when water is absorbed into the crystal structure of certain minerals and causes chemical changes e. g. nhydrite absorbs water to become gypsum which is soft and crumbly. Carbonation On contact with calcium carbonate (the main component of limestone), carbonic acid found in rain water creates calcium bicarbonate. As calcium bicarbonate is readily dissolved in water it is quickly transported away, leaving behind only the clay and quartz impurities of the limestone. This process is most common in regions with limestone geology. Solution Some minerals in rocks do not require a chemical reaction to become soluble e. g. rock slat readily dissolves in water. OxidationSome minerals in rocks react with oxygen dissolved in water to form oxides This process commonly occurs in rocks containing iron. Iron in its ferrous from is changed by oxidation into its ferric from leading to the collapse of tis molecular structure. Commonly this is known as ‘rust’. Chelation Lichens and decomposing organic matter in soil (humus) release organic acids. These acids attack certain minerals in rock, releasing iron and aluminium ions which are then transported way by water. The process of release is called chelation and the organic acids are known as che lating agents.